經義

氣虛身熱，得(de)之傷暑。

○后夏(xia)至日為(wei)病(bing)暑。暑當與(yu)汗皆出，勿止。

○因于暑(shu)汗，煩則(ze)喘喝，靜則(ze)多言。（《素問》）

哲言

太陽中 ，發(fa)熱(re)惡寒，身重(zhong)疼痛，其脈(mo)弦細芤遲，小便(bian)已灑(sa)灑(sa)然毛聳(song)，手足逆冷，小有(you)勞身即熱(re)，口(kou)開，前板(ban)齒燥。若發(fa)其汗則(ze)惡寒甚；加(jia)溫針則(ze)發(fa)熱(re)甚；數下之則(ze)淋甚。

○太陽中 者(zhe)，熱(re)是也。汗(han)出惡(e)寒，身熱(re)而渴，白虎加人(ren)參湯(tang)主之。

○太陽中 ，身熱疼(teng)重而脈微弱，此以夏月傷冷(leng)水(shui)，水(shui)行皮(pi)中所致也。一物瓜(gua)蒂散主之。（《金匱(kui)》）

人(ren)知冬不(bu)藏精(jing)者致病(bing)，不(bu)知夏不(bu)藏精(jing)者更(geng)甚(shen)焉(yan)。嘗見怯弱之人(ren)，而當酷暑，每云(yun)氣(qi)(qi)欲悶絕。可知中而死(si)者，直因氣(qi)(qi)之悶絕也。夫人(ren)值搖精(jing)，恒多氣(qi)(qi)促，與當暑之氣(qi)(qi)悶不(bu)甚(shen)相遠。《經》曰(yue)(yue)熱傷氣(qi)(qi)，又曰(yue)(yue)壯火食氣(qi)(qi)。

余(yu)故(gu)曰∶夏令之炎威，甚于(yu)冬令之寒，茍不藏精(jing)，壯者至秋發(fa)為伏暑(shu)，怯者即(ji)中 而死(si)。（《吳醫(yi)匯講》）

傷(shang)暑(shu)與傷(shang)寒(han)(han)，身(shen)(shen)皆(jie)發熱，不可不辨明施治。蓋寒(han)(han)傷(shang)形，暑(shu)傷(shang)氣(qi)。傷(shang)寒(han)(han)則惡寒(han)(han)而(er)(er)脈(mo)浮(fu)緊，傷(shang)暑(shu)則不惡寒(han)(han)而(er)(er)脈(mo)虛。《經》曰∶脈(mo)盛身(shen)(shen)寒(han)(han)，得之傷(shang)寒(han)(han)；脈(mo)虛身(shen)(shen)熱，得之傷(shang)暑(shu)。（《赤水玄(xuan)珠》）

暑(shu)(shu)證(zheng)變幻(huan)無常。彼暴中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)激烈，扁(bian)鵲不及(ji) 指而(er)(er)投咀(ju)；久伏(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)毒深，長桑莫能(neng)隔膚而(er)(er)見臟。即尋常之(zhi)(zhi)感，亦難(nan)于知(zhi)覺，非若傷寒之(zhi)(zhi)有(you)定期定證(zheng)可(ke)據可(ke)療者，不拘(ju)表(biao)里，不以漸次，不論臟腑。冒暑(shu)(shu)從(cong)口(kou)鼻入(ru)，直入(ru)心包，先煩(fan)(fan)悶后身熱；入(ru)肝則(ze)(ze)眩(xuan)暈頑麻；入(ru)脾(pi)則(ze)(ze)昏睡不覺；入(ru)肺(fei)則(ze)(ze)喘咳(ke)痿 ；入(ru)腎則(ze)(ze)消渴。中(zhong)(zhong)暑(shu)(shu)歸心，神昏卒倒；暑(shu)(shu)傷肉分，周身煩(fan)(fan)躁，或如針刺，或有(you)赤腫；暑(shu)(shu)入(ru)腸胃，腹(fu)痛霍亂吐瀉；暑(shu)(shu)伏(fu)三焦，變出(chu)寒熱不定，膨脹中(zhong)(zhong)滿(man)，瘧痢下血(xue)。治法，清內火(huo)為(wei)主，解(jie)表(biao)兼之(zhi)(zhi)。寒之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)人乘(cheng)其(qi)(qi)虛(xu)，暑(shu)(shu)則(ze)(ze)虛(xu)實(shi)并(bing)中(zhong)(zhong)，而(er)(er)實(shi)者更(geng)劇。蓋強(qiang)盛之(zhi)(zhi)人，內有(you)伏(fu)火(huo)，加之(zhi)(zhi)外火(huo)相(xiang)合，故(gu)焦灼(zhuo)為(wei)甚。經(jing)虛(xu)處(chu)，寒棲(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)；經(jing)實(shi)處(chu)，暑(shu)(shu)棲(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)。寒凌其(qi)(qi)弱，暑(shu)(shu)親(qin)其(qi)(qi)類也。

藜(li)藿常被寒(han)，膏粱(liang)獨(du)能御，暑(shu)(shu)則(ze)不問膏粱(liang)、藜(li)藿，咸能侮之(zhi)(zhi)。雖廣廈累冰，輕羅紈綺，一犯(fan)其烈焰，詎(ju)能卻之(zhi)(zhi)乎？是以知暑(shu)(shu)氣(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)毒甚(shen)于寒(han)。乃古人(ren)專(zhuan)以寒(han)為(wei)殺厲(li)之(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)，而不及暑(shu)(shu)者，何(he)也(ye)？試(shi)觀傷寒(han)至(zhi)七、八日(ri)方危，暑(shu)(shu)病則(ze)有危在二、三日(ri)間，甚(shen)至(zhi)朝(chao)發暮殆，尤有頃刻忽作，拯救不及者，如暑(shu)(shu)風、干霍(huo)(huo)亂之(zhi)(zhi)類(lei)是也(ye)。且暑(shu)(shu)證(zheng)多歧，中(zhong)(zhong)熱、中(zhong)(zhong) 、中(zhong)(zhong)內、中(zhong)(zhong)外、為(wei)厥、為(wei)風、為(wei)顛癇，即發則(ze)泄瀉霍(huo)(huo)亂，積久后發則(ze)瘧(nve)痢瘡瘍。種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)病名，皆暑(shu)(shu)為(wei)厲(li)，則(ze)殺厲(li)之(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)，視寒(han)豈少(shao)哉！（《溫熱暑(shu)(shu)疫全書》）

暑有八證(zheng)∶脈虛、自汗、身熱、背寒(han)、面垢、煩(fan)渴、手足微冷、體(ti)重(zhong)是也。

○陽暑(shu)者，因暑(shu)受(shou)熱(re)也。在仲景(jing)謂(wei)之(zhi)中 。凡盛暑(shu)烈日(ri)之(zhi)時(shi)，或于長途，或于田(tian)野(ye)，不辭勞(lao)苦，以(yi)(yi)致(zhi)熱(re)邪傷(shang)陰，而病(bing)為頭疼(teng)煩熱(re)、大渴大汗、脈(mo)浮氣(qi)(qi)喘(chuan)，或無(wu)氣(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)動等(deng)證。此以(yi)(yi)暑(shu)月(yue)受(shou)熱(re)，故名(ming)陽暑(shu)。治宜(yi)察氣(qi)(qi)之(zhi)虛(xu)實、火之(zhi)微甚，或補或清，與陰暑(shu)之(zhi)治不同。

○陰(yin)暑者，因(yin)暑受(shou)寒(han)也。凡人(ren)之畏暑貪涼，或(huo)于深(shen)堂大廈，或(huo)于風地樹陰(yin)，或(huo)乍(zha)熱乍(zha)寒(han)之時(shi)不謹衣被(bei)，以致寒(han)邪襲于肌表，而(er)病(bing)為發熱頭痛、無(wu)汗惡寒(han)、肢(zhi)體酸痛等證(zheng)。此名(ming)陰(yin)暑，即傷寒(han)也。治宜溫散(san)。

又有不慎(shen)口腹(fu)，過食生冷，以(yi)致寒涼傷臟，而為嘔(ou)吐、瀉利、腹(fu)痛等證。此寒邪在(zai)內，亦陰暑(shu)之屬。治宜(yi)溫中。

○凡(fan)中(zhong)暑熱(re)者(zhe)(zhe)，人(ren)皆知為陽(yang)(yang)證(zheng)，而不(bu)知陽(yang)(yang)中(zhong)有(you)陰(yin)也(ye)。蓋外中(zhong)暑熱(re)，而內亦(yi)熱(re)者(zhe)(zhe)，方是陽(yang)(yang)證(zheng)；若(ruo)內本(ben)無(wu)熱(re)，而因熱(re)傷(shang)氣(qi)，但氣(qi)虛(xu)于中(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)，便有(you)伏陰(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象。故(gu)凡(fan)治(zhi)暑熱(re)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng)，最當辨其陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)虛(xu)實。若(ruo)脈虛(xu)無(wu)力(li)，證(zheng)見(jian)惡寒、嘔(ou)惡、腹痛、泄(xie)瀉、不(bu)喜涼飲、息短氣(qi)促(cu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類，皆陽(yang)(yang)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陰(yin)證(zheng)也(ye)。治(zhi)當專(zhuan)顧元(yuan)氣(qi)，惟獨參湯最妙。若(ruo)兼微嘔(ou)惡寒者(zhe)(zhe)，宜加炮(pao)姜，甚(shen)者(zhe)(zhe)養中(zhong)煎、理中(zhong)湯、理陰(yin)煎隨宜用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；若(ruo)虛(xu)寒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚(shen)，則(ze)舍(she)時從證(zheng)，桂、附皆所(suo)必用，勿(wu)因暑熱(re)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名而執用寒涼，再伐陽(yang)(yang)氣(qi)。

○夏(xia)月盛暑(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)，必令身(shen)有(you)微汗(han)，此(ci)養身(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道也。若必使快然(ran)無汗(han)，則陰勝于陽，多致疾矣(yi)。觀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《經》曰(yue)∶暑(shu)當與汗(han)皆出(chu)，勿止。是(shi)言暑(shu)汗(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勿宜止也。又曰(yue)∶夏(xia)暑(shu)汗(han)不出(chu)者，秋成(cheng)風瘧。是(shi)言暑(shu)汗(han)不出(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為病也。此(ci)夏(xia)月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)汗(han)宜否，蓋可(ke)知矣(yi)。（張景岳）

暑(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)陽(yang)邪，故(gu)蒸(zheng)熱；暑(shu)(shu)(shu)必兼濕，故(gu)自汗。暑(shu)(shu)(shu)邪干(gan)心(xin)則(ze)(ze)煩，干(gan)肺則(ze)(ze)渴，干(gan)脾則(ze)(ze)吐利，上蒸(zheng)于頭則(ze)(ze)重而痛，暑(shu)(shu)(shu)傷氣(qi)(qi)(qi)故(gu)倦怠。夏至日后病熱為(wei)(wei)暑(shu)(shu)(shu)，暑(shu)(shu)(shu)者，相火(huo)行令(ling)也。人(ren)感之(zhi)自口鼻而入，傷心(xin)包(bao)絡之(zhi)經，暑(shu)(shu)(shu)喜傷心(xin)故(gu)也；其脈虛，或浮大而散(san)，或弦(xian)細(xi)芤遲，蓋熱傷氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，則(ze)(ze)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)消而脈虛弱。治法宜(yi)清心(xin)、利小便(bian)、補真氣(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)要，熱渴者并宜(yi)滋(zi)水(shui)。蓋渴則(ze)(ze)陽(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)內伐，熱舍于腎，令(ling)人(ren)骨(gu)乏無力，總由火(huo)盛(sheng)則(ze)(ze)金病水(shui)衰，腎與膀胱(guang)俱(ju)竭(jie)。當急救之(zhi)，補肺氣(qi)(qi)(qi)以滋(zi)水(shui)之(zhi)上源，生(sheng)脈散(san)既扶元(yuan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，復保(bao)肺生(sheng)津耳。（《馮氏錦囊(nang)》）

中(zhong)暑(shu)中(zhong) ，脈虛脈沉，無汗(han)有汗(han)，發熱(re)不熱(re)，作渴不渴，或瀉(xie)不瀉(xie)，飲寒飲熱(re)，須辨(bian)其陰陽虛實，不可泛投寒涼。蓋夏月(yue)伏陰在內，古人(ren)用(yong)(yong)附子大順散溫補陽氣(qi)(qi)，厥有旨哉！何(he)今之老(lao)弱，夏月(yue)反服香薷飲，以為解暑(shu)，復(fu)傷元氣(qi)(qi)，無不招引暑(shu)邪，以致不起。至若清暑(shu)益氣(qi)(qi)湯，內有澤瀉(xie)、神曲、蒼(cang)術、黃柏之類(lei)，必果(guo)濕熱(re)壅滯，方(fang)可用(yong)(yong)之，否則反損其陰。用(yong)(yong)當(dang)審察。（薛立齋）

潔古(gu)云∶靜(jing)而(er)(er)(er)得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)暑(shu)(shu)(shu)，動(dong)而(er)(er)(er)得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)熱(re)(re)。中(zhong)暑(shu)(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)陰證(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，中(zhong)熱(re)(re)者(zhe)(zhe)陽證(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。東垣(yuan)云∶避暑(shu)(shu)(shu)于深(shen)堂(tang)大(da)(da)廈得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，名(ming)曰中(zhong)暑(shu)(shu)(shu)。其(qi)病頭(tou)痛(tong)惡寒(han)(han)，身形(xing)拘急，肢痛(tong)煩(fan)心，膚(fu)熱(re)(re)無汗(han)。此為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)房室之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陰寒(han)(han)所(suo)(suo)遏，使(shi)周身陽氣(qi)不(bu)得(de)伸越(yue)。大(da)(da)順(shun)(shun)散主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若行人(ren)(ren)農夫(fu)于日中(zhong)勞役得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，名(ming)曰中(zhong)熱(re)(re)。其(qi)病頭(tou)痛(tong)惡熱(re)(re)，肌(ji)膚(fu)大(da)(da)熱(re)(re)，渴飲(yin)汗(han)泄，無氣(qi)以(yi)(yi)動(dong)。此為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)熱(re)(re)，外傷(shang)肺(fei)氣(qi)。蒼術白虎湯(tang)主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)竊(qie)謂暑(shu)(shu)(shu)熱(re)(re)者(zhe)(zhe)，夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令也(ye)(ye)(ye)。人(ren)(ren)或勞動(dong)，或饑(ji)餓，元氣(qi)虧乏，不(bu)足以(yi)(yi)御天(tian)(tian)令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亢(kang)極(ji)，于是受(shou)傷(shang)而(er)(er)(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)病，名(ming)曰中(zhong)暑(shu)(shu)(shu)，亦名(ming)中(zhong)熱(re)(re)，其(qi)實一也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今(jin)乃(nai)以(yi)(yi)動(dong)靜(jing)所(suo)(suo)得(de)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，何(he)哉(zai)？夫(fu)中(zhong)暑(shu)(shu)(shu)熱(re)(re)者(zhe)(zhe)，固(gu)多在(zai)勞役之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)。勞役則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)虛(xu)，虛(xu)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)邪入，邪入則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)病；不(bu)虛(xu)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)令雖亢(kang)，亦無由以(yi)(yi)傷(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。彼避暑(shu)(shu)(shu)于深(shen)堂(tang)大(da)(da)廈，所(suo)(suo)得(de)頭(tou)痛(tong)、惡寒(han)(han)等證(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)，蓋(gai)感冒(mao)(mao)風(feng)涼耳(er)(er)。其(qi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)煩(fan)心與肌(ji)熱(re)(re)者(zhe)(zhe)，非(fei)(fei)暑(shu)(shu)(shu)邪也(ye)(ye)(ye)，乃(nai)身中(zhong)陽氣(qi)被外邪所(suo)(suo)遏而(er)(er)(er)作也(ye)(ye)(ye)。既非(fei)(fei)暑(shu)(shu)(shu)邪，其(qi)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)中(zhong)暑(shu)(shu)(shu)名(ming)乎？治(zhi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)辛溫發(fa)散可(ke)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)大(da)(da)順(shun)(shun)散一方，本(ben)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)冒(mao)(mao)暑(shu)(shu)(shu)引飲(yin)過多，脾胃受(shou)濕，嘔吐水(shui)谷不(bu)分(fen)，臟腑不(bu)調(diao)所(suo)(suo)立，蓋(gai)溫中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若以(yi)(yi)此藥(yao)(yao)治(zhi)靜(jing)而(er)(er)(er)得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng)(zheng)，吾恐不(bu)能解表，反增內煩(fan)矣。世俗不(bu)明，類(lei)曰夏月陰氣(qi)在(zai)內，大(da)(da)順(shun)(shun)散為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)必用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藥(yao)(yao)。夫(fu)陰氣(qi)，非(fei)(fei)寒(han)(han)氣(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。蓋(gai)夏月陽氣(qi)發(fa)泄于外，而(er)(er)(er)陰氣(qi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)在(zai)內耳(er)(er)。豈竟視(shi)陰氣(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)寒(han)(han)氣(qi)，而(er)(er)(er)用溫熱(re)(re)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藥(yao)(yao)乎？陰果為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)寒(han)(han)，何(he)以(yi)(yi)夏日則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)飲(yin)水(shui)乎？然(ran)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)蒼術白虎湯(tang)，豈可(ke)視(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)通行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藥(yao)(yao)？必參之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治(zhi)暑(shu)(shu)(shu)諸方，隨(sui)所(suo)(suo)見證(zheng)(zheng)而(er)(er)(er)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若夫(fu)所(suo)(suo)謂靜(jing)而(er)(er)(er)得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng)(zheng)，雖當(dang)夏月，卻(que)非(fei)(fei)暑(shu)(shu)(shu)病，宜分(fen)出之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，勿使(shi)后人(ren)(ren)有(you)似同而(er)(er)(er)異之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)惑。（王安道）

古稱靜而得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)暑(shu)(shu)，動而得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)熱(re)(re)，暑(shu)(shu)陰(yin)而熱(re)(re)陽也(ye)。不思暑(shu)(shu)字以日為(wei)(wei)首，正言(yan)熱(re)(re)氣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)襲人耳。夏日烈(lie)烈(lie)，為(wei)(wei)太陽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亢氣，人觸(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)生暑(shu)(shu)病；至于靜而得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，乃納涼于深(shen)堂水閣，大(da)(da)扇風車，嗜食瓜果(guo)，致生寒(han)疾。或頭痛身痛，發熱(re)(re)惡(e)寒(han)者(zhe)(zhe)，外(wai)感于寒(han)也(ye)；或嘔吐(tu)腹痛，四肢厥冷者(zhe)(zhe)，直中(zhong)于寒(han)也(ye)。與(yu)暑(shu)(shu)證(zheng)(zheng)有(you)何干涉？大(da)(da)抵辨暑(shu)(shu)證(zheng)(zheng)法，以自(zi)汗、口(kou)渴、煩心、溺赤、身熱(re)(re)、脈(mo)虛為(wei)(wei)的。然(ran)有(you)傷暑(shu)(shu)、中(zhong)暑(shu)(shu)、閉暑(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不同∶傷暑(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)，感之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕(qing)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。其證(zheng)(zheng)煩熱(re)(re)口(kou)渴，益元(yuan)散主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。中(zhong)暑(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)，感之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。其證(zheng)(zheng)汗大(da)(da)出，昏悶不醒，或心煩喘喝。妄言(yan)昏悶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)際，先以消暑(shu)(shu)丸灌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；醒后驗(yan)其暑(shu)(shu)氣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕(qing)重(zhong)，輕(qing)者(zhe)(zhe)益元(yuan)散，重(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)白虎(hu)湯。閉暑(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)，內伏(fu)暑(shu)(shu)氣而外(wai)為(wei)(wei)風寒(han)所(suo)閉。

其證頭痛(tong)身痛(tong)，發熱惡寒者，風寒也；口渴煩(fan)心者，暑也。四味香薷(ru)飲加荊芥、秦艽主(zhu)之。（程鐘齡）

天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)暑熱(re)一動(dong)，地之(zhi)(zhi)濕(shi)濁(zhuo)自騰，人(ren)在蒸(zheng)淫熱(re)迫之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)，若正氣(qi)設或有(you)隙(xi)，則(ze)(ze)邪從口鼻吸入(ru)，氣(qi)分先阻，上焦清肅不行，輸化之(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)失其(qi)常度，水谷(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)微(wei)亦蘊結(jie)而(er)為濕(shi)也。故暑病必(bi)挾濕(shi)者(zhe)，即(ji)此(ci)(ci)義(yi)耳(er)。前人(ren)有(you)因(yin)動(dong)因(yin)靜(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)分，或傷(shang)或中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)候，以及入(ru)心入(ru)肝(gan)、為瘧(nve)為痢、中(zhong)(zhong)瘀霍(huo)亂、暴(bao)厥、卒死，種(zhong)種(zhong)傳(chuan)變之(zhi)(zhi)原，各(ge)有(you)精(jing)義(yi)可參。想大(da)江以南，地卑(bei)氣(qi)薄，濕(shi)勝熱(re)蒸(zheng)，當此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)候，更須防患。昔李笠翁所謂使天(tian)只有(you)三時(shi)(shi)而(er)無(wu)夏(xia)，則(ze)(ze)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)病也必(bi)稀。此(ci)(ci)語最(zui)確(que)。

蓋暑濕(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)傷(shang)(shang)，驟者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在當時(shi)為(wei)(wei)患(huan)，緩者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)于(yu)秋(qiu)(qiu)后(hou)為(wei)(wei)伏氣(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疾。其候也，脈(mo)色必(bi)滯，口舌(she)必(bi)膩，或(huo)有(you)微(wei)(wei)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)，或(huo)單發熱(re)，熱(re)時(shi)脘痞氣(qi)(qi)窒(zhi)，渴悶(men)煩冤，每至午(wu)后(hou)則甚，入(ru)暮更劇，熱(re)至天(tian)(tian)明(ming)得汗，則諸(zhu)恙稍緩，日(ri)(ri)日(ri)(ri)如(ru)是(shi)，必(bi)要兩三候外(wai)，日(ri)(ri)減一(yi)日(ri)(ri)，方(fang)得全解。倘元氣(qi)(qi)不支，或(huo)調理非法，不治者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)甚多(duo)(duo)(duo)。然是(shi)病比(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)傷(shang)(shang)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)，其勢(shi)覺緩；比(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瘧疾，寒(han)(han)(han)(han)熱(re)又不分(fen)(fen)明(ming)。變(bian)幻與傷(shang)(shang)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)無(wu)二，愈期反(fan)覺淹纏(chan)。若表之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，汗不易(yi)徹；攻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，便(bian)易(yi)溏瀉；過清(qing)，則肢冷(leng)嘔惡；過溫(wen)(wen)(wen)，則唇(chun)齒燥裂。每遇秋(qiu)(qiu)來，最多(duo)(duo)(duo)是(shi)證(zheng)，求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)古(gu)訓，不載者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)多(duo)(duo)(duo)，獨《己(ji)任編》名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰秋(qiu)(qiu)時(shi)晚(wan)發。感證(zheng)似瘧，當以(yi)感證(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。要知伏氣(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)病，四時(shi)皆(jie)有(you)，但不比(bi)風寒(han)(han)(han)(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邪(xie)(xie)一(yi)汗而(er)(er)(er)解，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)熱(re)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)投(tou)涼即安。夫暑與濕(shi)(shi)(shi)，為(wei)(wei)熏蒸粘膩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邪(xie)(xie)也，最難驟愈。若治不中(zhong)(zhong) ，暑熱(re)從(cong)陽(yang)上(shang)熏而(er)(er)(er)傷(shang)(shang)陰化(hua)燥，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)邪(xie)(xie)從(cong)陰下(xia)(xia)沉而(er)(er)(er)傷(shang)(shang)陽(yang)變(bian)濁，以(yi)致(zhi)神昏耳聾、舌(she)干(gan)齦(yin)血、脘痞嘔惡、洞泄(xie)肢冷(leng)，棘手之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)候叢生(sheng)(sheng)，竟至潰敗莫救(jiu)。先生(sheng)(sheng)宗劉河間《三焦(jiao)論》立法，認明(ming)暑濕(shi)(shi)(shi)二氣(qi)(qi)何者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)？再究其病實在營(ying)氣(qi)(qi)何分(fen)(fen)？大凡六氣(qi)(qi)傷(shang)(shang)人，因(yin)人而(er)(er)(er)化(hua)，陰虛(xu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)火(huo)旺，邪(xie)(xie)歸營(ying)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)多(duo)(duo)(duo)；陽(yang)虛(xu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)勝，邪(xie)(xie)傷(shang)(shang)氣(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)多(duo)(duo)(duo)。一(yi)則耐(nai)清(qing)，一(yi)則耐(nai)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)，臟性(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陰陽(yang)，從(cong)此可知也。于(yu)是(shi)在上(shang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)辛涼微(wei)(wei)苦(ku)，如(ru)竹(zhu)葉、連(lian)翹、杏仁、薄荷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類(lei)；在中(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)苦(ku)辛宣通，如(ru)半夏瀉心(xin)(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類(lei)；在下(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)行(xing)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)，性(xing)質重(zhong)開下(xia)(xia)，如(ru)桂苓甘(gan)露飲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類(lei)。此皆(jie)治三焦(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大意也。或(huo)有(you)所夾，又須(xu)通變(bian)。至于(yu)治氣(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)，有(you)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)別，寒(han)(han)(han)(han)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)宗諸(zhu)白虎法及天(tian)(tian)水散意；溫(wen)(wen)(wen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)從(cong)乎二陳(chen)湯及正(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)散法。理營(ying)分(fen)(fen)，知清(qing)補(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)，清(qing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)如(ru)犀角地黃加入(ru)心(xin)(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品；補(bu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)有(you)三才、復脈(mo)等方(fang)。

又如濕熱沉混之蒼術石膏(gao)湯，氣(qi)血兩燔之玉女(nv)法，開閉逐(zhu)穢(hui)與牛黃、至寶(bao)、紫雪等(deng)劑(ji)，扶(fu)虛進參附(fu)、兩儀諸法，隨其(qi)變(bian)幻，審其(qi)陰陽，運用(yong)之妙，存乎(hu)一心也。（《臨(lin)證指(zhi)南》）

風者，陽也。暑者，熱也。《經》曰(yue)∶諸(zhu)(zhu)暴(bao)強直，皆屬(shu)于(yu)風；諸(zhu)(zhu)風眩掉，皆屬(shu)于(yu)肝。又(you)曰(yue)∶暑勝(sheng)則地熱；風勝(sheng)則動(dong)。陳(chen)無擇曰(yue)∶暑喜歸心，心中之使(shi)人(ren)噎悶，昏不知人(ren)；入肝則眩暈頑(wan)痹。戴(dai)氏曰(yue)∶夏月(yue)卒倒，不省(sheng)人(ren)事，名曰(yue)暑風。王節齋曰(yue)∶治暑之法，清(qing)心、利小便(bian)最好。由此(ci)觀之，則治暑風之法，惟以清(qing)暑驅風為第一要著，雖見搐搦等證，不可作世俗驚風治之。風暑除(chu)，搐搦自(zi)定。（方星巖）

暑厥(jue)即 病，兼手足(zu)厥(jue)冷，與傷寒(han)發厥(jue)義同。（《醫(yi)學入(ru)門》）

大概兼惡寒發熱(re)而(er)漸厥者(zhe)(zhe)，為(wei)心脾中暑(shu)證也(ye)(ye)；不(bu)(bu)惡寒但惡熱(re)而(er)漸厥者(zhe)(zhe)，為(wei)膀胱中 證也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)但惡寒不(bu)(bu)發熱(re)而(er)漸厥者(zhe)(zhe)，為(wei)夏(xia)月感(gan)寒陰(yin)證也(ye)(ye)，不(bu)(bu)與暑(shu)、 證同類。

○中暑宜解(jie)暑和中，中 宜瀉火益元，傷(shang)暑宜補元氣，冒暑宜清(qing)利(li)二便。（《證(zheng)治匯補》）

暑證臨死必(bi)抽掣。雖云暑傷氣(qi)，然久必(bi)亡陰耗液，筋(jin)無所(suo)養，則搐搦矣。

○暑(shu)證(zheng)死后身青與陰(yin)證(zheng)之(zhi)身青不同(tong)，陰(yin)證(zheng)身青，乃血凝；暑(shu)證(zheng)則口(kou)鼻必流(liu)血。（《見聞(wen)錄(lu)》）

人知清暑(shu)(shu)，我知益氣，以暑(shu)(shu)傷(shang)氣也。益氣不獨金能敵(di)火，凡氣之(zhi)上騰(teng)為津為液者，回(hui)下(xia)即腎中之(zhi)水，水足，火淫(yin)自卻矣。（程(cheng)郊倩）

暑熱傷氣(qi)，益(yi)氣(qi)而暑自消；暑熱傷陰，益(yi)陰而暑自退。（《會心錄》）

中(zhong) ，用(yong)白虎湯，熱(re)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)形(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)；用(yong)人參白虎湯，兼傷(shang)(shang)(shang)無(wu)形(xing)之氣也(ye)(ye)(ye)。中(zhong)暑(shu)(shu)，用(yong)生(sheng)脈散，暑(shu)(shu)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)無(wu)形(xing)之氣也(ye)(ye)(ye)；用(yong)清暑(shu)(shu)益(yi)氣湯，暑(shu)(shu)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)于(yu)(yu)氣，兼挾風(feng)熱(re)，乘(cheng)虛而(er)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)其經也(ye)(ye)(ye)。傷(shang)(shang)(shang)暑(shu)(shu)，用(yong)十(shi)味香(xiang)(xiang)薷飲，風(feng)熱(re)濕雜(za)合，而(er)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)形(xing)氣也(ye)(ye)(ye)。偏于(yu)(yu)表則變香(xiang)(xiang)薷飲為(wei)消(xiao)暑(shu)(shu)十(shi)全(quan)；偏于(yu)(yu)里則變香(xiang)(xiang)薷飲為(wei)六和湯。此夏月鼎峙三法也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其用(yong)消(xiao)暑(shu)(shu)丸者(zhe)，上盛之濕泛濫(lan)而(er)為(wei)痞滿也(ye)(ye)(ye)；用(yong)益(yi)元散者(zhe)，下盛之熱(re)阻滯而(er)為(wei)溺(ni)澀也(ye)(ye)(ye)；用(yong)大順(shun)散者(zhe)，水(shui)果(guo)內(nei)(nei)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)于(yu)(yu)脾也(ye)(ye)(ye)；用(yong)冷香(xiang)(xiang)飲者(zhe)，冷食內(nei)(nei)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)于(yu)(yu)胃也(ye)(ye)(ye)；用(yong)來復(fu)丹者(zhe)，陰氣固結于(yu)(yu)下也(ye)(ye)(ye)；用(yong)五苓(ling)散者(zhe)，陽氣遏絕(jue)于(yu)(yu)內(nei)(nei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

○觸熱勞形，卒然倒(dao)仆，方書用(yong)熱土(tu)(tu)置當臍，聚(ju)溺其(qi)腹，搗蒜汁注鼻，立(li)法最精。然未(wei)經闡發，世都不解(jie)。殊不知此(ci)雖酷烈為患(huan)，良由其(qi)人真元素虧，加以時火亢極，鼓激命門，虛陽 然離根，非藉熱土(tu)(tu)、熱溺不能護(hu)衛其(qi)陽；用(yong)蒜汁注鼻者，取蒜以開竅，溫散其(qi)郁閉之(zhi)熱也。若與(yu)冷水(shui)灌之(zhi)，則氣隨焰(yan)息而絕(jue)矣。（《張氏醫通》）

夏(xia)月人身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陽(yang)(yang)以(yi)汗(han)而(er)(er)外泄，人身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陰(yin)(yin)以(yi)熱而(er)(er)內耗，陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)兩(liang)俱(ju)(ju)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足。仲(zhong)師于中(zhong) 病禁(jin)用(yong)(yong)汗(han)、下(xia)、溫(wen)(wen)針(zhen)(zhen)者，蓋(gai)汗(han)則(ze)傷其陽(yang)(yang)，下(xia)則(ze)傷其陰(yin)(yin)，溫(wen)(wen)針(zhen)(zhen)則(ze)引火熱內攻故也(ye)。而(er)(er)其用(yong)(yong)藥，但(dan)取甘寒生津保肺、固陽(yang)(yang)益陰(yin)(yin)為(wei)治。《靈樞》有(you)云∶陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)俱(ju)(ju)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足，補(bu)陽(yang)(yang)則(ze)陰(yin)(yin)竭，瀉(xie)陰(yin)(yin)則(ze)陽(yang)(yang)亡。蓋(gai)謂陽(yang)(yang)以(yi)陰(yin)(yin)為(wei)宅，補(bu)陽(yang)(yang)須不(bu)(bu)(bu)傷其陰(yin)(yin)；陰(yin)(yin)以(yi)陽(yang)(yang)為(wei)根，瀉(xie)陰(yin)(yin)須不(bu)(bu)(bu)動其陽(yang)(yang)。夫既陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)俱(ju)(ju)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足，則(ze)補(bu)瀉(xie)未可輕(qing)言，才有(you)補(bu)瀉(xie)，必造其偏，如重陰(yin)(yin)、重陽(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬。所以(yi)過用(yong)(yong)甘溫(wen)(wen)，恐犯(fan)補(bu)陽(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戒；過用(yong)(yong)苦(ku)寒，恐犯(fan)瀉(xie)陰(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戒。但(dan)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)甘一(yi)(yi)寒，陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)兩(liang)無偏勝(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藥，清(qing)解暑熱而(er)(er)平治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，所以(yi)為(wei)百代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗也(ye)。

○暑傷氣(qi)，才(cai)中人即(ji) 短(duan)氣(qi)，有似乎虛，故清暑益(yi)氣(qi)兼而行(xing)(xing)之。不知者，妄行(xing)(xing)溫補，致令暑邪深入血(xue)分而成衄、痢，其害無窮。

○傷(shang)寒夾陰(yin)，誤用陽旦湯，得之便厥；傷(shang)暑夾陰(yin)，誤用香薷飲，入喉便喑。后賢于香薷飲中加參、 、白術、陳皮、木瓜，兼治內傷(shang)，誠有見也(ye)。

○體中多濕(shi)之人(ren)，外(wai)暑(shu)蒸動內濕(shi)，二氣(qi)交(jiao)通(tong)，最易中暑(shu)。所(suo)以(yi)肥人(ren)濕(shi)多，夏月百計避(bi)暑(shu)，反為暑(shu)所(suo)中者，不(bu)能(neng)避(bi)身之濕(shi)，即不(bu)能(neng)避(bi)天之暑(shu)也。

益元(yuan)散，驅濕從小便出，夏月服之解暑。然體盛濕多則宜(yi)之；清 無濕之人，津液為時火(huo)所(suo)耗(hao)，當用生脈散充其(qi)津液。若妄(wang)利小水，竭其(qi)下泉，枯(ku)槁立至。

○元(yuan)豐朝萃集經(jing)驗(yan)醫方(fang)(fang)(fang)，于中(zhong)暑(shu)(shu)一門獨詳。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)取用(yong)(yong)小半(ban)夏茯苓湯(tang)，不(bu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)暑(shu)(shu)，顓治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)；又(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)半(ban)夏、茯苓少(shao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)甘草(cao)(cao)名消(xiao)(xiao)暑(shu)(shu)丸，見消(xiao)(xiao)暑(shu)(shu)在消(xiao)(xiao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)耳。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)香(xiang)(xiang)薷(ru)飲，用(yong)(yong)香(xiang)(xiang)薷(ru)、扁豆、濃樸為(wei)(wei)(wei)主方(fang)(fang)(fang)，熱(re)(re)盛(sheng)則(ze)(ze)去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)扁豆加(jia)(jia)(jia)黃(huang)連，治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)心火(huo)(huo)；濕(shi)(shi)(shi)甚則(ze)(ze)去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)黃(huang)連加(jia)(jia)(jia)茯苓、甘草(cao)(cao)，治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)脾濕(shi)(shi)(shi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)縮脾飲，則(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)脾為(wei)(wei)(wei)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)浸淫而(er)(er)重滯，于扁豆、葛根、甘草(cao)(cao)隊中(zhong)佐(zuo)以(yi)(yi)烏梅(mei)、砂(sha)(sha)仁、草(cao)(cao)果，以(yi)(yi)快脾而(er)(er)去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)脾所(suo)(suo)惡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)；甚則(ze)(ze)用(yong)(yong)大順散(san)、來(lai)復丹以(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)暑(shu)(shu)證(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多瀉利者(zhe)，又(you)(you)即縮脾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意而(er)(er)推之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)枇杷(pa)葉散(san)，則(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)胃(wei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)竊據而(er)(er)濁穢，故用(yong)(yong)香(xiang)(xiang)薷(ru)、枇杷(pa)葉、丁香(xiang)(xiang)、白(bai)茅(mao)香(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辛香(xiang)(xiang)以(yi)(yi)安胃(wei)而(er)(er)去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)胃(wei)所(suo)(suo)惡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臭(chou)；甚則(ze)(ze)用(yong)(yong)冷(leng)香(xiang)(xiang)飲子以(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)暑(shu)(shu)證(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多嘔吐者(zhe)，又(you)(you)即枇杷(pa)葉散(san)而(er)(er)推之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。后來(lai)諸賢(xian)以(yi)(yi)益(yi)(yi)虛(xu)繼(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，河間之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桂(gui)苓甘露飲，用(yong)(yong)五(wu)苓、三(san)石，意在生(sheng)津(jin)液(ye)以(yi)(yi)益(yi)(yi)胃(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虛(xu)。子和(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桂(gui)苓甘露飲，用(yong)(yong)人參、甘草(cao)(cao)、葛根、藿香(xiang)(xiang)、木(mu)香(xiang)(xiang)，意在益(yi)(yi)虛(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)又(you)(you)兼去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)；或用(yong)(yong)十(shi)味(wei)香(xiang)(xiang)薷(ru)飲，于局方(fang)(fang)(fang)五(wu)味(wei)中(zhong)增(zeng)人參、黃(huang) 、白(bai)術、陳(chen)皮、木(mu)瓜(gua)，益(yi)(yi)虛(xu)以(yi)(yi)去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)熱(re)(re)。乃(nai)至東(dong)垣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清(qing)暑(shu)(shu)益(yi)(yi)氣湯(tang)、人參黃(huang) 湯(tang)，又(you)(you)補(bu)中(zhong)實衛以(yi)(yi)去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)熱(re)(re)也。中(zhong)暑(shu)(shu)必顯躁(zao)煩熱(re)(re)悶(men)。東(dong)垣仿仲景竹葉石膏湯(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制，方(fang)(fang)(fang)名清(qing)燥(zao)(zao)湯(tang)，仍以(yi)(yi)去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)首務。夫(fu)燥(zao)(zao)與濕(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)反者(zhe)也，而(er)(er)清(qing)燥(zao)(zao)亦務除濕(shi)(shi)(shi)，非東(dong)垣具過人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識，不(bu)及此矣(yi)。又(you)(you)如益(yi)(yi)元(yuan)散(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)，而(er)(er)加(jia)(jia)(jia)辰砂(sha)(sha)則(ze)(ze)并去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)熱(re)(re)；五(wu)苓散(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)，而(er)(er)加(jia)(jia)(jia)人參則(ze)(ze)益(yi)(yi)虛(xu)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)辰砂(sha)(sha)減桂(gui)則(ze)(ze)去(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)熱(re)(re)；白(bai)虎湯(tang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)人參則(ze)(ze)益(yi)(yi)虛(xu)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)蒼術則(ze)(ze)勝濕(shi)(shi)(shi)。合之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)局方(fang)(fang)(fang)則(ze)(ze)大備矣(yi)。然(ran)尚有未備者(zhe)，昌觀暑(shu)(shu)風(feng)(feng)一證(zheng)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)卒倒類乎中(zhong)風(feng)(feng)，而(er)(er)不(bu)可(ke)從風(feng)(feng)門索治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《百一選(xuan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)》雖有大黃(huang)龍丸，初(chu)不(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)暑(shu)(shu)風(feng)(feng)立法，然(ran)有中(zhong) 昏死(si)，灌(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立蘇，則(ze)(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)亦可(ke)得治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)暑(shu)(shu)風(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一斑矣(yi)。儻其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人陰(yin)血素虧，暑(shu)(shu)毒深入血分者(zhe)，《良方(fang)(fang)(fang)》復有地榆散(san)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)暑(shu)(shu)昏迷，不(bu)省人事，但用(yong)(yong)平(ping)常涼(liang)血之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藥(yao)，清(qing)解深入血分之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)暑(shu)(shu)風(feng)(feng)。而(er)(er)美(mei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名為(wei)(wei)(wei)潑火(huo)(huo)散(san)者(zhe)，益(yi)(yi)見暑(shu)(shu)風(feng)(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)心火(huo)(huo)暴甚，煎(jian)熬真陰(yin)，舍清(qing)心涼(liang)血之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外，無可(ke)潑滅耳。

○凡治中暑病，不(bu)辨內(nei)傷外感、動靜勞逸，一概襲用成方者，醫之(zhi)罪(zui)也。

○凡治(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)暑(shu)病，不兼治(zhi)(zhi)其濕者(zhe)，醫之過(guo)也。

○凡治中暑病(bing)，遇無汗(han)者，必(bi)以得汗(han)為正。若但清其(qi)內，不解其(qi)外，醫(yi)之(zhi)罪也。（《醫(yi)門法律》）

脈候

傷暑(shu)之脈(mo)(mo)，《內經》曰脈(mo)(mo)虛(xu)(xu)身熱(re)，得之傷暑(shu)。《甲(jia)乙經》曰熱(re)傷氣(qi)而不傷形(xing)，所(suo)以(yi)脈(mo)(mo)虛(xu)(xu)者是也(ye)。若《難經》曰其脈(mo)(mo)浮(fu)大而散，殊有未然。夫(fu)浮(fu)大而散，乃心之本脈(mo)(mo)，非病脈(mo)(mo)也(ye)。仲景(jing)不言(yan)，但補其偏，曰弦(xian)、細(xi)(xi)、芤(kou)、遲(chi)，芤(kou)即(ji)虛(xu)(xu)豁也(ye)；弦(xian)、細(xi)(xi)、遲(chi)，即(ji)熱(re)傷氣(qi)之應也(ye)。其水行皮(pi)中之脈(mo)(mo)，則曰微(wei)(wei)弱，見脈(mo)(mo)為水濕所(suo)持，陽(yang)氣(qi)不行也(ye)。統(tong)而言(yan)之曰虛(xu)(xu)，分而言(yan)之曰弦(xian)、細(xi)(xi)、芤(kou)、遲(chi)、微(wei)(wei)弱。其不以(yi)浮(fu)大之脈(mo)(mo)混入虛(xu)(xu)脈(mo)(mo)之中，稱為病暑(shu)之脈(mo)(mo)，慮何周耶(ye)？（喻(yu)嘉言(yan)）

選案

一(yi)兒(er)患(huan)吐(tu)瀉，煩躁，搐搦。或以(yi)(yi)為驚，或以(yi)(yi)為風。余(yu)見(jian)其口燥(zao)，手指(zhi)茶(cha)壺，腹中雷(lei)鳴(ming)。曰∶易治也。借籠中三味(wei)藥(yao)足矣。乃用黃連五分(fen)，甘草三分(fen)，人(ren)(ren)參(can)五分(fen)，水煎冷(leng)服(fu)。下咽頃刻即睡而安。或曰∶黃連、甘草解毒善矣，又加人(ren)(ren)參(can)謂何？余(yu)曰∶若不用參(can)，此兒(er)當病(bing)(bing)氣弱數(shu)日，得(de)參(can)明(ming)日復如(ru)無病(bing)(bing)患(huan)。次日果然。（《趙氏(shi)醫貫(guan)》）