醫(yi)圣仲景(jing)在《傷(shang)寒論》里(li)很多方用到人參(can)(can)，漢代的人參(can)(can)與現(xian)代人參(can)(can)一致么？是(shi)人參(can)(can)、西洋(yang)參(can)(can)還是(shi)黨參(can)(can)？我們下面(mian)試著回答下這(zhe)個問題。

【人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)】五(wu)加(jia)科(ke)多年生(sheng)草本人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)的(de)干(gan)燥根。主產于東(dong)北，俗稱東(dong)北參(can)(can)(can)(can)，野生(sheng)者名“野山參(can)(can)(can)(can)”，栽(zai)培(pei)者稱“園(yuan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)”又(you)“白參(can)(can)(can)(can)”，園(yuan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)經曬(shai)干(gan)或(huo)烘干(gan)，稱“生(sheng)曬(shai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)”，蒸制后(hou)的(de)干(gan)燥品(pin)稱“紅參(can)(can)(can)(can)”，韓國的(de)“新開河參(can)(can)(can)(can)”屬紅參(can)(can)(can)(can)。

【藥性】甘、微(wei)苦，微(wei)溫。歸心、肺(fei)、脾經(jing)。

【功效】大補(bu)元氣(qi)，益肺補(bu)脾，生津止渴，安神(shen)益智。

【西洋參(can)】五加(jia)科多年生草本西洋參(can)的干(gan)燥(zao)根。原產于美國(guo)，加(jia)拿(na)大及法國(guo)。我國(guo)東北(bei)等地區亦有栽(zai)培(pei)，稱國(guo)產西洋參(can)。

【藥性】甘、微(wei)苦，涼。歸心、肺、腎經。

【功(gong)效】補氣養(yang)陰，清熱生津。

【黨(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)】桔梗科多年生草本黨(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)、素花黨(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)或(huo)川黨(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)的干燥根。主產于山(shan)西、甘肅等省。

【藥性】甘，平。歸脾、肺(fei)經。

【功效】補中益氣，生津，養(yang)血。

三(san)味藥都帶參(can)(can)字，品(pin)種(zhong)科屬也(ye)(ye)不盡(jin)相同，性味也(ye)(ye)有差異，功效也(ye)(ye)有類似處又有不同處。三(san)參(can)(can)皆(jie)可補(bu)(bu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)、生(sheng)津(jin)，治(zhi)療氣(qi)(qi)(qi)虛(xu)津(jin)傷證。人參(can)(can)與西洋(yang)參(can)(can)為峻補(bu)(bu)力強之品(pin)，黨參(can)(can)為平(ping)補(bu)(bu)力緩(huan)之品(pin)。人參(can)(can)功專大補(bu)(bu)元氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，為換救虛(xu)脫危(wei)證要藥，并安(an)神(shen)益(yi)智，偏溫性。西洋(yang)參(can)(can)性寒，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)陰(yin)并補(bu)(bu)，兼(jian)能清(qing)熱，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)陰(yin)兩(liang)傷兼(jian)火熱者最宜；黨參(can)(can)性平(ping)力緩(huan)，善(shan)補(bu)(bu)脾肺之氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，兼(jian)養血(xue)治(zhi)血(xue)虛(xu)萎黃。

仲景《傷寒(han)(han)論(lun)》中好多方(fang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)到人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)，如(ru)白(bai)虎加人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)湯(tang)方(fang)、桂枝人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)湯(tang)等。那用(yong)(yong)(yong)哪種參(can)(can)(can)呢(ni)？《傷寒(han)(han)論(lun)》成書在(zai)(zai)漢代(dai)(dai)(dai)，當時(shi)人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)主產地(di)在(zai)(zai)山西(xi)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)性界于現在(zai)(zai)東北(bei)參(can)(can)(can)和(he)西(xi)洋(yang)(yang)參(can)(can)(can)之(zhi)(zhi)間，當時(shi)多為野(ye)生(sheng)，由(you)于常(chang)年采挖，后(hou)來己絕(jue)種，取(qu)而代(dai)(dai)(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)的(de)是東北(bei)參(can)(can)(can)，而東北(bei)參(can)(can)(can)比山西(xi)人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)偏(pian)溫，養陰生(sheng)津功弱，而西(xi)洋(yang)(yang)參(can)(can)(can)偏(pian)寒(han)(han)，補(bu)(bu)氣(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)力(li)又弱于山西(xi)人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)，黨(dang)參(can)(can)(can)也(ye)產于山西(xi)，補(bu)(bu)氣(qi)力(li)弱于人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)，但(dan)確有(you)一定(ding)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)，當年為人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)代(dai)(dai)(dai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)品，后(hou)來轉正(zheng)，單列(lie)為一藥(yao)(yao)(yao)。在(zai)(zai)臨床(chuang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)仲景方(fang)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)到人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)，要理解仲景所(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)和(he)現在(zai)(zai)人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)性上的(de)區別，如(ru)要用(yong)(yong)(yong)補(bu)(bu)氣(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)功用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)，要用(yong)(yong)(yong)清熱生(sheng)津用(yong)(yong)(yong)西(xi)洋(yang)(yang)參(can)(can)(can)，病人(ren)體弱緩補(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)黨(dang)參(can)(can)(can)，也(ye)可人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)、西(xi)洋(yang)(yang)參(can)(can)(can)各半使用(yong)(yong)(yong)，具(ju)體根據臨床(chuang)靈活應用(yong)(yong)(yong)。