人參

［歌訣］人參味甘，大補元氣，止渴生津，調營養衛。

［譯注］人參(can)味甘微(wei)苦，性溫(wen)，是補益元氣(qi)力量最大的藥。所謂元氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，就是(shi)藏于腎(shen)臟(zang)，周(zhou)流全身(shen)的(de)(de)元陽（氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)）、元陰（血(xue)、津(jin)(jin)液等(deng)(deng)）之氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)推動(dong)(dong)五(wu)臟(zang)六(liu)腑一(yi)切組織器(qi)官的(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)，也是(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)血(xue)運行和營(ying)養(yang)(yang)全身(shen)的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)力。所以(yi)，凡是(shi)五(wu)臟(zang)臟(zang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)足，如心虛(xu)心悸(ji)不(bu)寐、脾(pi)虛(xu)泄(xie)瀉肢冷、肺虛(xu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)喘息(xi)短、肝虛(xu)驚(jing)悸(ji)不(bu)寧、腎(shen)虛(xu)骨(gu)弱痿軟等(deng)(deng)癥，以(yi)及一(yi)切衰弱或大吐瀉、大出血(xue)后的(de)(de)虛(xu)脫（面色蒼白、肢冷脈伏(fu)等(deng)(deng)），都可(ke)應用，這就是(shi)大補元氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)含義。本品(pin)因有生津(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)功效，所以(yi)又能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠治療消渴癥以(yi)及熱性(xing)病(bing)津(jin)(jin)液耗傷之癥。總的(de)(de)來說，它既能(neng)(neng)(neng)調營(ying)（血(xue)），又能(neng)(neng)(neng)養(yang)(yang)衛（氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)），凡是(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)血(xue)不(bu)足之癥，均可(ke)應用。

［應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)］用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)失血(xue)、大(da)吐(tu)瀉以(yi)(yi)及一切(qie)疾(ji)病所致的(de)元氣(qi)虛(xu)極欲(yu)脫，脈(mo)微欲(yu)絕之(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng)，單用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)濃煎頻服即可；如兼見汗出肢冷等(deng)(deng)亡陽現象者(zhe)，可與(yu)附(fu)子同(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，以(yi)(yi)增強(qiang)回陽作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)脾虛(xu)倦怠、食欲(yu)不振等(deng)(deng)證(zheng)，常與(yu)白術、茯(fu)苓、甘草同(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肺虛(xu)喘咳，乏力自汗，動則加重(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng)，常與(yu)蛤蚧、胡桃(tao)仁同(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)津傷口渴(ke)、消渴(ke)，屬熱病氣(qi)津兩傷，身熱而渴(ke)，汗多脈(mo)大(da)無力者(zhe)，多與(yu)石膏、知(zhi)母、甘草、粳米(mi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)；屬熱傷氣(qi)陰(yin)，口渴(ke)多汗，氣(qi)虛(xu)脈(mo)弱者(zhe)，多與(yu)五味子、麥冬同(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)；屬內熱消渴(ke)者(zhe)，又常與(yu)生地(di)、元參(can)、天花粉、山藥(yao)(yao)等(deng)(deng)藥(yao)(yao)同(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)虛(xu)血(xue)虧所致的(de)心神不安，失眠多夢，驚悸(ji)健忘等(deng)(deng)證(zheng)，多與(yu)當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)、龍眼肉(rou)、酸棗仁、茯(fu)神、遠志等(deng)(deng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。此外，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)血(xue)虛(xu)，常與(yu)熟地(di)、當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)、白芍(shao)等(deng)(deng)補血(xue)藥(yao)(yao)同(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)；用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陽痿，多與(yu)鹿茸、胎(tai)盤等(deng)(deng)助陽藥(yao)(yao)同(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)；用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體虛(xu)外感(gan)或里實正虛(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng)，可與(yu)解(jie)表、攻里藥(yao)(yao)同(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，以(yi)(yi)扶正祛邪。

[用量用法]5~10克，宜文火另(ling)煎，將參汁加入其它(ta)藥汁內飲服(fu)。研末吞服(fu)每次1~2克，日服(fu)二(er)、三(san)次。如挽救虛脫，當(dang)用大量，即15~30克，煎汁分數次灌服(fu)。

〔使用注意］反藜蘆，畏五靈脂、皂莢，忌同用；陰虛陽亢、骨蒸潮熱、咳嗽吐衄、肺有實熱或痰氣壅滯的咳嗽。肝火上升，以及一切火郁內實之證均忌服；服人參不宜喝茶、吃蘿卜，以免影響藥力；服人參腹脹者，用萊菔子煎湯服可解。

［附］人參(can)野生的稱(cheng)(cheng)“野山參(can)”，以(yi)年代(dai)久(jiu)遠者(zhe)為(wei)佳，補(bu)力較(jiao)大；栽(zai)培的稱(cheng)(cheng)“園(yuan)參(can)”，補(bu)力較(jiao)差。園(yuan)參(can)蒸熟后(hou)曬(shai)干為(wei)“紅參(can)”，性偏(pian)溫，適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)氣(qi)(qi)弱陽虛者(zhe)；直接(jie)曬(shai)干的為(wei)“生曬(shai)參(can)”，適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)氣(qi)(qi)陰(yin)不(bu)足(zu)者(zhe)；經(jing)沸水浸(jin)燙后(hou)，再浸(jin)糖(tang)汁中(zhong)一(yi)、二(er)日，取出曬(shai)干的為(wei)“白參(can)”，作用(yong)(yong)較(jiao)生曬(shai)參(can)弱，亦適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)氣(qi)(qi)陰(yin)不(bu)足(zu)者(zhe)。